Testing device



Jan. 13, 1942. H. N. DURHAM ET AL 2,269,444

TTTTTTTTTTTT GE H. N. DURHAM ET-AL Jan. 13, 1942.

TESTING DEVICE Fild July 17, 1937 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 RN u 0.9m. ATTORNEYS Jan. 13, 1942. H, N, DURHAM g-j- 2,269,444

TESTING DEVICE Filed July 17, 1937 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 my ima- Jan. 13, 1942. H. N. DURHAM ET AL 2,269,444

TESTING DEVICE Filed July 17, 1957 9 Shets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEYS VEN R3 Jan. 13, 1942. H. N. DURHAM ET Al.

TESTING DEVICE Filed July 17, 19 57 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 Jan. 13,1942. MDURHAM ETAL 2,269,444

TESTING DEVICE Filed ,July 17, 1937 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 k Q Q z\ 0:

Jan. 13, 1942. H. N. DURHAM ET AL 2,269,444

TESTING DEVICE Filed July 17, 1937 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 W %MZW W9: iATTORNEYI V I 73 INVEN R8 Jan. 13, 1942. D RHA ETAL 2,269,444

TESTING DEVICE Filed July 17, 1937 9 Shets-Sheet 9 The resulfs of this fesr are prir-fezi Hw: r: I T I i :.':1:i increase your own safety BE YOUR OWN BACK-SEAT DRIVER SCORE m' ne ed5 wakhfi' i A When the si'op sign appeared on fore-sighf and ski II. The good driver mad gm i is always afieniwc, amt I L 7 your score] 5 Afier seeing person srarr +0 cross i'p d, Lyn: 2 20, 151: z. if.:.s. gem numberfo score. I G You did R01 sfeer corrccHg in I overfakmr; :.-.-:'Z I l .0 L 'uur score.

D You required ieni'hs of a second to dppit} icmkc cL k-ii normal.

' E You did 'see child in road soon enf'ui 'f. v "1 0;.1! i hsciqfighfi will i you are inaHenfiva reduc glare for The oncoming coir. F, You required gm unifs in 586 Both increase gour own safei'g. f5TOP" 5km E c!:h qour ni hf drivin Your sieermg was mcorreci' 2, g g

of The fime.

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The normal i'orai scare Tom, for ihis resr is 42 poinrs Score Patented Jan. 13, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TESTING navroa' Application July 17, 1937, Serial No. 154,234 In Great Britain July 17, 1936 time relation to the incidents as they appear 43 Claims.

The invention relates to novel and useful means for testing, analyzing and recording the actions and reactions of persons in operating control mechanisms, more particularly the control devices of a vehicle in motion, such as an automobile or. aircraft, and for which an application has been filed in Great Britain, July 17, 1936.

Objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part hereinafter and in part will be obvious herefrom, or may be learned by practice with the invention, the same being realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations pointed out in the appended claims.

The invention consists in the novel parts,-constructions, arrangements, combinations and improvements herein shown and described.

The accompanying drawings, referred to herein and constituting a part hereof, illustrate one embodiment of the invention, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

Of the drawings:

Fig. l is a perspective view of the machine as assembled in its cabinet;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the upper portion of the machine, with its housing removed, and illustrating a road scene as projected on the screen;

Fig. 3 is an end elevation, viewed from the left of Fig. 2, partly in section, showing the brake and accelerating pedals;

Fig. 4 is a similar view, from the right, showing the printing mechanism in elevation;

Fig. 5 is a plan view on line a, a of Fig. 3, showing the assembled arrangementof the machine above the table;

Fig. 6 illustrates in detail the brake pedal in oil position together with the accelerator pedal and their electrical circuits to the driving motor and brake recording mechanism;

Fig. '7 is a similar view to Fig. 6, with brake pedal in operative position and electrical circuits to controls of the brake recording means;

Fig. 8 illustrates in plan the printing mechanism with its driving motors, type wheels and control commutators and brushes;

Fig. 9 is a detail of the steering control commutators, which provide for the return of the steering type wheel to zero;

Fig. 10 is a wiring diagram of the various control circuits;

Fig. 11 is the time causing disc for making and breaking the various control circuits in proper projected on the screen;

Fig. 12 illustrates the printed slip or card as issued from the machine at the conclusion of a test, giving the results obtained by the operator; and

Fig. 13 shows means for testing the effect of glare or varying light intensity on the operator's eyes.

The invention is directed to providing new and useful mechanism adapted to test and analyze the actions and reactions of a person in operating the control devices of a vehicle under conditions simulating those of an actual vehicle in use, said mechanism being also adapted to record and produce a permanent record of the analyses. One object of the invention is educational, operating to teach proper driving and to correct faults of the individual.

The invention also tests the ability of the individual to handle the vehicle controls under numerous situations, both common and unusual, simulating those which actually occur during operation of a vehicle. The mechanism is designed to detect and analyze the actions of the operator during each situation and to record the analytic results in words and figures against a predetermined norm or correct operation in each ,case and to deliver a record of such analyses to the operator. Thus a further important object of the invention is accomplished by subjectively impressing the operator with his own individual faults and shortcomings immediately after detection thereof. Hence the common tendency of the individual to disregard general warnings and illustrations of the faults and accidents of others is counteracted by the invention, which brings directly home to the individual his own personal faults and habits and points them out as they relate to his actions and reactions in circum stances simulating those of actual vehicle operation and traflic conditions.

Likewise the invention provides a novel and highly effective means of publicizing or directly disseminating safety propaganda and impressing the users of the mechanism with the causes of accients and the importance and necessity for safe driving. In this connection the sheet upon which the printed record is produced and delivered by the mechanism may also conveniently contain additional printed data in the nature of general instructions or propaganda with regard to safety. Combined with such printed data or arranged for distribution therewith may be advertising matter pertinent to the subject score, which score may be compared with the' norm or predetermined score for perfect oper ation of each incident and of the total test. Thus the mechanism may be also'utilized for purposes of amusement, providing a competitive appeal in that the operator will try to get a higher score than that of his associates or will try to better his own score or test himself under varying pe r sonal physical conditions, such as fatigue, intoxication and the like. If desired the mechanism may be operated for profit as a combined amusement and instruction device, preferably coin-con- .trolled, although the revenue may be realized in other ways. One object of the invention, in this connection, is to provide an attractive and inter-,

esting amusement device having a competitive appeal and wherein the appeal is of a perennial or recurrent nature with regard to the individual operator and the general public. The use of-the mechanism for amusement and revenue purposes, however, need not interfere with nor detract from the more serious purpose of acting as a testing and instructing medium.

In connection with the foregoing general objects and advantages of the invention, we provide a mechanism which is wholly automatic in its operation, enabling the individual 0perator to subject himself to a complete series of tests and to obtain his printed and tabulated record without the presence or assistance of an attendant or other human. agency. Thus the invention lends itself ideally to organization in a coin-controlled machine which may be stationed for operation by the general public.

In conformity with the foregoing, in its pres ent preferred embodiment the invention provides a mechanism having a set of standard vehicle controls-in the case of an automobile, the drivers seat, steering wheel and brake, clutch and accelerator pedals. In the case of aircraftpilot testing, the conventional aircraft control devices would be substituted for those of the auto-- mobile and it is understood that the broad principles of the invention are not limited to the operation of any specific form of automotive or vehicular control.

Combinedwith said vehicle controls, the mechanism provides means for presenting to the operator at the controls the visual impression that he has actually when operating a moving vehicle under actual road and trafiic conditions. This may be accomplished in various suitable ways. In the present preferred embodiment, the operator looks at the projection of a motion picture film which has been taken from a moving vehicle and so presents a moving picture of a road or street such as would be seen by an operator actually driving a car.

by having the operator look at the image'of a roadway mounted on a travelling belt which moves toward the operator and thus gives the impression of travelling movement asdisclosed. for

However, the impression, or illusion of being in a moving vehicle may also be created in various other ways, as for example,

example in the French patent to Billon. Addition No. 45,777 of 1935. Broadly speaking the invention is not limited to any specific means of creating the illusion of vehicle movement, several 5' forms of such methods and means being already known in the art.

The invention is designed to present a series of incidents to the operator requiring him to exercise the vehicle controls in various ways durl0 ing the test. Preferably the operator is given the impression of driving the vehicle along a conventional road or course and various trafllc inv cidents are prearranged to occur successively during the driving course. In the preferred form of 'the mechanism, such incidents are designed to take-place in the motion picture presented on the projection screen wherein they occur successively and in an apparently natural manner just as might happen in normal operation of a vehicle on such a course. Thus a portion of the projected motion picture may be devoted to a steering test, and there may be shown a straight road, .curves, sharp corners, a parked car and/or conditions requiring'the passing of a moving car.

Incidents to distract the drivers attention from the road or sudden obstacles requiring quick and accurate steering, and the like may all be presented to the driver to require him to exercise steering ability.

I Another portion of the motion picture film may be devoted to incidents requiring braking reactions, such as might be occasioned by a person suddenly stepping from in front of a parked car, a child falling from a bicycle, the sudden ap- 5 pearance of a car issuing from an obscured lane, or the quick change of a signal light. In other incidents the driver may be subjected to tests for color blindness, such as the showing on the film of red and green signal lights or other sig- 493 nals or driving directions presented in various colors to determine whether or not the driver is color blind, especially to colors utilized in ordinary traillc operations. Other tests may be designed to test the drivers reactions and ability to withstand glare, such as would be caused by on-.

coming headlights of an approaching car at night. The psychological reactions and effects of situations on the driver may also be submitted to test, as for example the ability of a driver to extricate himself from a sudden dangerous or disturbing situation and accordingly the projected film may involve the driver in one or more situations for that purpose. Similarly the film, or

mechanism timed to cooperate in conjunction 5' with the film, may subject the driver to distracting incidents or influences, such as the sudden appearance of a disturbing incident or object at the side of the road which might cause the driver to turn his head or interrupt his concentrated attention to the driving problem. Suitably timed and arranged incidents occurring with or shortly after such peripheral distraction may be arranged so as to subject the driver to a test of concentration or the like.

It will be clear that a multitude of other incidents, similar in general to those hereinbefore described, may be provided. Furthermore, the various tests or reactions and requirements evoked by such incidents may be isolated or comm bined in numerous ways depending upon the sort of test it is desired to create by a given incident orseries of incidents. For example some incidents may test the brake reaction time solely; others solely the ability to steer; others the ac- 7.) celeratori control; while other incidents may;

combine several of these factors and/or others, as will hereinafter appear. One important test incident to which the driver may be subjected in any one of several ways is one testing his ability to foresee an impending or possible danger as he drives along the road and to take suitable steps to avoid the danger should it occur as foreseen.

It will be understood that the motion picture projection apparatus is suitably associated with the vehicle controls whereby the control of the projection is linked to the actions of the driver. Thus the speed of projection and therefore the apparent speed of the vehicle is linked to the accelerator and brake pedals whereby the appearance of fast driving may be given by speeding up the projector motor through use of the accelerator pedal and similarly the brake pedal may cause the projector to slow down and stop. Similarly the steering mechanism may be suitably coordinated with the apparent position of the vehicle on the depicted road so that motion of the steering wheel will apparently cause the vehicle being driven to shift laterally. Furthermore th steering mechanism or controls are suitably coordinated with the apparent forward speed of the vehicle whereby the rapidity of apparent lateral steering movement will depend upon the turning of the steering wheel an the forward speed of the vehicle, just as it does in actual driving conditions.

The illusion or lateral movement and hence of the windshield through which the driver normally watches the road and may be provided with some steering point, such as a radiator cap outline, which the driver may use as a guide or reference point with respect to a line on the road, as he doeswhen steering a car. The illusion of lateral movement of the vehicle with respect to the moving road scene is effected by imparting lateral movement to said steering frame from the steering wheel, the relative movement between the steering frame and the motion picture road giving the same visual impression as that created when a driver actually steers his car across the road. Coordinated therewith are means, such as a driven cam, for arbitrarily imparting lateral movements to the steering frame, corresponding to curves and turns in the road which the driver should make for proper steering. However, said arbitrary lateral movements cause the steering frame to move opposite to the direction for proper steering in each case so that the driver must turn the steering wheel to hold the steering frame in the proper relationto the road scene. To permit combination of the oppositely acting forces imparted to the steering frame by the cam and by the steering wheel, said elements are interconnected with the frame and each other by differential gearing. Thereby the driver is required to turn the steering wheel at the proper time and in the proper amount so as to appear to their relation to the prearranged occurrences of the successive incidents on the motion picture film. In connection with an incident calling for application of the brake, for example, timing means is automatically synchronized with the projection of the film. Thus a timing device may be energized or sensitized at the beginning of the incident on the film which calls for application of the brake. The brake pedal itself may be connected with said timing device in any suitable manner, either mechanically or electrically.

iii

keep the vehicle at its proper position on the roadway.

' In accordance with the invention the actions and reactions of the driver or operator are detected and/0r measured to ascertain and analyze so that the application of the brake pedal will be registered against the timing device. thus determining the time (commonly called reaction time) required by the operator to actuate the brake" after the mental impression calling for brake operation has been received. Other incidents may call for a certain control operation, such as application of the brake, irrespective of a specific time factor. For example," the invention provides for registering whether or not the operator brought his vehicle to a full stop at a cross road so marked; the speed of application of the brake in such case being relatively immaterial. Similarly the steering movements of the individual'operator may be analyzed and registered eitherfor particular incidents or throughout the entire test course and preferably both. Thus the deviations in turning the steering wheel to either side of a predetermined norm or steering track or neutral course may be automatically de tected and the total of such deviation ascertained. The foregoing are merely a few illustrative examples of the general mannerin which driving errors or reactions may be ascertained, these and other examples thereof being hereinafter disclosed in greater detail, while many additional applications of the general principle herein disclosed will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

The invention further provides for making a printed record of the results ascertained and analyzed as hereinbefore described, said printed record preferably being made synchronously with the analyzing and registering operations. Thus when a timing device is automatically set in operation synchronously with the'occurrence of a particular incident on the film, a numbered printing wheel orthe likev may be caused to turn with the timing device. When the brake pedal is actuated a printing impression is made on the printing wheel in its then position, thereby registering the reaction time in fractions of a second, or other suitable indicia. Similarly the deviations from the true steering course may be suitably transmitted to recording means, such as numbering wheels, whereby the total number or extent of such deviations may be calculated and printed as a total. By providing each subject with a total or sum of his errors, his record may be compared directly with that of the standard or norm for the course and may also be compared immediately with that of other drivers or subjects. It is especially desirable to have a subtotal with respect to steering errors or deviations, as those errors are due to a different type of fault in driving than others relating to reaction time, etc. Likewise certain incidents which involve merely a positive or negative indication of the performance of the proper or improper act may be reduced to a printed record. For example, in the case of the incident above deScribedQ if the driver fails to stop at the stop street, printing means conditioned during the occurrence of the incident may be caused to print a negative indication, such as the word "Not."

A suitable printed form designed to receive the printed indicia of the analyses of the several incidents is preferably arranged to be fed past the printing mechanism coincidently with the occurrence and printing of the incidents so that the proper indication may be printed in or opposite a prearranged code or reference to the incident. In addition, if desired, the results of the steering deviations and/or the several incidents may be totalized and a printed total of the completed test appended to the individual recorded analyses for each incident. At the end of the operation the printed and totalized record will be delivered to the operator.

It will be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description as well are exemplary and explanatory of the invention but are not restrictive thereof.

Referring now in detail to the present preferred embodiment of the invention, illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, the principal mechanical features of the machine may be suitably housed in any appropriate cabinet II) to which the external vehicle controlling devices are attached. A steering wheel ll projects from the front face of the cabinet at suitable height from the fioor, while brake pedal i2 and accelerator pedal i3 are conventionally mounted in an inclined panel 2 near the bottom of the cabinet. A clutch pedal, not shown, will preferably also be positioned in conventional relation on the panel 2. A driving seat 14 is suitably positioned with respect to the steering wheel and the pedals, being preferably rigidly connected to the frame of the cabinet l0, as by an extension 3 at the bottom thereof. The particular shape and size of the cabinet form no necessary part of the invention and it will be understood that the shape and size as shown are merely illustrative and largely diagrammatic.

A glass-enclosed opening I5 is provided in the front of the cabinet in position to occupy substantially the normal field of View of the vehicle driver and through said window l5 the operator will see the projection of the motion picture film as hereinafter described. A laterally movable frame' I6 is mounted directly behind the window l5, said frame being of a size and shape corresponding to the limited field of direct vision of the driver when he is concentrating properly on the road ahead. Fixed to the lower edge of frame l6, and projecting inwardly therefrom is a memberv ll shaped to conform to the projected view of an automobile hood, with a projection [8 representing a radiator cap at its inner end. If desired, the spaces between the side edges of frame [6 and the corresponding edges of the window l5 may be relatively obscured, so as to cause the driver to concentrate on the portion of the projected picture framed Within the frame l6. For example, translucent wings 4 may be attached to extend from either .side edge of the frame i6 so that the area of the projected picture outside the frame l6 will be relatively obscure and thus represent the area of peripheral vision of the driver. The transparency of the wings [may be decreased outwardly from the frame edges IE to simulate the decreasing intensity of vision toward the side.

The embodied means for projecting the motion picture of the test course and incidents into the field of view of the driver comprises a translucent projection screen I! mounted behind the windowl5 and preferably just beyond the radiator cap indicator I8 (Fig. 3). A motion picture projector 63 of any suitable design may be mounted at any convenient location within the cabinet. As shown, the projector is designed to throw the picture against an inclined mirror mounted on the rear wall of the cabinet l0, whence the picture is reflected against the translucent screen l9, thereby providing for arelatively long path of projection within the limited space of the cabinet. A reversible motor 49 for driving the projector and other parts of the machine is mounted on the main interior supporting plate 5 of the cabinet, the motor being linked to the drive pulley 64 of the projector by a suitable take-off from the main shaft 52 which is drivingly connected to the motor by belt 56.

In accordance with the invention means are provided for controlling the position of the laterally movable frame l6 from the steering wheel H. Coordinated therewith are means, such as a cam, for imparting to said frame l6 arbitrary deviating movements corresponding to required turns in the steering course, so that the operator must turn the steering wheel to compensate for the imparted movements and thus apparently keep the vehicle on the correct course. Suitable differential gearing linkage between the steering wheel and the cam provides for combination of the opposing movements thereof. so that the ultimate movement imparted to the frame I 6 will be the resultant or combination of the opposing movements of the cam and steering wheel movements. The amount of movement of the steering frame is also coordinated with the apparent speed of the vehicle, so that the actual amount of lateral movement of the frame I6 in a given time will depend upon the resultant of the turning of the wheel and/ or the imparted movement from the cam and also upon the vehicle speed.

In the present preferred embodiment, the steering post 20, suitably mounted in bearings of the frame 2|, has a worm 22 fixed to its lower end and meshing with worm wheel 23 on shaft 24, also supported in bearings of frame 2|. The other end of shaft 24 is supported in a bearing of frame 25 and carries a miter gear 26 meshing with a miter gear 21 on the shaft 28 supported in the bearing of frame 25. Rotatively supported on shaft 28, and a secondary shaft 29 supported by bearings 30, 30, is a differential case 3| enclosing the differential bevel gears 32, 34 and 23 mounted respectively on shafts 28 and 29 and a stud 35 in case 3|. Rigidly attached to the differential case 31 is an upwardly extending arm 36 doubly forked at its upper end 31 to embrace and move the friction wheel 38 across the face of a friction disc 39. Mounted on shaft 29 between bearings 30, 30 is an upwardly extending roller arm 40 supporting a cam roller 4| held in contact with a steering cam 42 by tension spring 43.

A steering cam 42', for imparting deviating movements to the frame i6 through the difieren-- t1al, is fixed to shaft 44 rotatively supported in 46. Shaft 55 carries a worm 56 engaging a worm wheel 51, rotatively mounted on shaft 58 and designed to rotate said shaft in one direction only, as hereinafter set forth. Fixed to rotatewith worm wheel 61 is a helical gear 59 meshing with helical gear 66 on shaft 44. 'The end of shaft-52 extending to the left' (Fig. 5) of its'o'uter bearing in frame 46 is connected by means of a flexible shaft H to the inner end of shaft 62,

driving friction disc 39. Said disc is provided with a backwardly extending hub 65 carrying a pin 66 engaging a key slot in shaft 62 and is thereby slidably mounted on and fixed to rotate with said shaft.

Interposed between friction disc 39 and a disc 61 fixed to shaft 62 is a compression spring 68, driving said disc in clockwise rotation only and tending to continually-press it against friction roller 38. Friction roller 36 carries in its hub a key engaging a slot 69 in the shaft 10, and in consequence is slidable along and fixed to rotatesaid shaft. Shafts 62 and are supported in suitable bearings in the member 1I fixed to frame 48.

Fast to shaft 10 is a threaded sleeve 12 engaging threaded lugs 13, 13 projecting from the lower horizontal member of frame I6. It will be 'obvious that the friction roller 38 as shown in its central position in Fig. 2 will impart no rotative movement from disc 39 to shaft 10, but if moved to the right or left of its central position will produce a clockwise or anti-clockwise rotation to shaft 10, as viewed from the right, and through the threaded sleeve 12 a right or left hand move ment of the frame I6.

The periphery of steering cam 42 is soarranged with projections, depressions and concentric portions as to represent perfect steering over the course disclosed by the curves and tangents of the projected picture. Assuming the machine to be in operation, friction disc 39 and cam 42 will be rotating in clockwise direction. and a positive movement to the right, following the cam, will be imparted to roller M by the tension of spring 43, and through the movement of roller arm 40 shaft 29 and the differential gears 34, 33 and 32, a clockwise rotative movement will be produced in the differential case 3| deflecting the arm 36 and friction roller 31 to the right, resulting in a corresponding movement of frame I6. In a' similar manner, projections on cam 42 will cause a left hand movement of frame I6, while concentric portions will maintain friction roller 38in its central position on the friction" disc 39, and rotation will not be imparted to shaft 10, the frame I 6 remaining stationary. Movement to the right or left of frame I6 imparted by the friction disc 39 is greater than that which would be imparted by connecting said frame directly to the movement produced by the cam, and in order to maintain the proper steering course, as presented on the screen, must be compensated for by a .counteracting rotation of hand wheel I I. Movement to the right or left of frame I6 may be imparted by a right or left hand rotation of the steering wheel II acting through worm 22, worm wheel 23,'shaft 24, gears 26 and'21, shaft 28 and differential gears 32, 33 and 34 to impart a right or left hand rotative movement of differential case 3| and arm 36 to move friction roller 38 to the right or left on' the face of friction disc 39.

To simulate the tendency of an automobile on a level road to return the steering wheel to maintain a straight course, means are provided for returning steering wheel II to its normal straight line driving position. Fixed to the steering shaft is an elongated collar I41 carrying an eye to which is attached one end of a flexible cable I48, the other end of which is secured to a tension spring I49 held by a post I56 supported by frame 4a. Rotation of the steering wheel u will wind :i'cable I48 around collar I41 and be resisted by increasing tension in spring I49 which will restore said wheel to its normal position upon its release.

Other means for correlating a predetermined steering course with the depicted road course and with the movements of the steering wheel may be provided. For example, a predetermined steering course could be outlined as a photo-electric for giving the illusion of transverse movement.

If desired, the projected picture could be shifted laterally with regard to a fixed steering point to give the same impression of relative movement.

Means are provided for electrically ascertaining and registering any deviation. of the steering frame I6 from the right or left of the predetermined proper course. As embodied, the movable frame I6 is supported by a roller 14, and by a roller 15 carried by an arm 16 pivotally mounted to said frame and downwardly pressed by the tension spring 11 against the supporting rod 18 along which frame I6 travels. The rod 18 is supported by and insulated from the frame 48, and roller 15 and rod 18 are electrically connected as shown in Fig. 10 for the purpose as hereinafter set forth. An insulated portion 19 on rod 18 is so placed as to break a circuit when frame I6 is maintained in the ,correct position to follow the course presented by the projected picture, and is of such a length as to provide a reasonable amount of variation from the exact course without registering a steering error. As the road picture is presented on the screen it moves laterally so as always to present the proper driving line to radiator cap I8, as indicated in Fig. 2 where contact roller 15 rests upon the insulated portion of rod 18. Variations in the movement of frame I6 from the non-registering position caused by the action of cam 42, must be counteracted through the steering wheel and differential gearing as herelnbefore set forth.

As previously stated, means are provided for printing the analytic result of the test for each incident and also for printing the total steering error as obtained from the indicationsof the circuits energized b-y-the contact roller 15. As embodied, such printing means are comprised in 1 the type wheels III for recording the total steering error and type wheel 82 for printing the results of the several incidents. Type wheel 8I mounted on shaft 83 is driven by gear 84 meshing with the pinion 85 carried by the shaft of synchronous motor 86. Mounted on and insulated from shaft 83 are commutator rings 81 and 88 providing electrical connections through brushes 89 and 90 respectively. Commutator 81 is provided with an insulation segment I13 for the purpose hereinafter set forth. Synchronous motor 86 is energized whenever a steering error occurs and thus steering error is measured in the time the steering is incorrect.

As shown, for mechanical conveniencefthe incident result printing is all effected by the type wheel 82, which is designed to print both time indicia in tenths of a second, up to two seconds, and also to print negative and/or positive indicia for tests'calling for such indications. If desired twoor more printing wheels could be provided for printing these several indicia. Type wheel 82 mounted on shaft 9| is driven through a friction clutch 92, one half of which is fixed to said shaft and the other to a worm wheel rotatively mounted on shaft 9|, the two halves of the clutch being held in contact by a compression spring. Worm wheel 90 is driven by a worm 94 on a shaft 95 carrying the gear 91 in mesh with a pinion 90 on the shaft of motor 90. The motor 90 is preferably of the synchronous type, to act as a timing actuator for the type wheel. commutator rings 99, I00 and IOI are mounted on an insulated frame shaft 9|, rings 99 and IOI having insulation segments 99' and MI respectively. Electrical connections to the commutators' are made through brushes I02, I00 and I04, respectively. Fixed to shaft 9I is a disc I provided with two notches so located as to hold type wheel 82 in the not" or zero position through the engagement of an upwardly projecting finger on the armature I05 of a relay I01.

Means for feeding, in proper time relation, 9. paper slip or card to be printed, are provided by an upper and lower set of rolls I00 and I09 respectively, between which the paper or card is guided by the plates H0, H0 (Fig. 4). Feed rolls I08, I08 on shaft III are driven through a pinion II2 meshing with a gear 0 on shaft 50. Shaft II4 carrying rolls I09, I09 is mounted in flexible arms H5 and H5 and driven through gear H1 in mesh with gear IIO on shaft III. Interposed between the type wheels 0| and 02 and the proper slip or card are ink ribbons H9, H9 driven by rollers I20, I and passing over guide rolls I2I, I2I (Fig. 4). Rollers I20, I20 derive their movement from shaft III through a train of gearing I22 (Fig. 5).

Means for printing from steering type wheel 8I are provided by the solenoid I20 acting through a plunger I24 depressed by the armature of said solenoid when energized. Plunger I24 pressing the paper and ribbon on the type wheels transfers the impression to the underside of the paper. Similar means for printing from the incident type wheel 02 are provided by solenoid I25 and its actuated plunger I25.

Means are provided for controlling the speed of driving motor 49 from the accelerator pedal I3 through a variable resistance I5I, so producing variations in the speed of the projected picture and thereby creating the illusion of increasing or decreasing car speed to the operator. By providing driving motor 49 with a fly wheel 49', the effect of slowing down the car is produced when current to the motor is cut by depressing brake pedal I2, the momentum of the fly wheel will continue driving all mechanism for a short period of time, eventually coming to a full stop if the current to the motor remains cut for a sumcient length of time. If the current to the motor is only momentarily broken, the full effect of retardation and acceleration of a car is realized.

Insulated from and fixed to rotate with brake pedal shaft I52 (Fig. 3) is a switch arm I50 normally bridging contacts I54 in the brake-off position and the contacts I55 in the brake-on position when pedal I2 is depressed, for the purpose hereinafter set forth. Contacts I54 and I55 are insulated from the machine by the insulating block I55.

In the invention as disclosed, the machine is started by means of a coin deposited in the chute I51 acting upon the lower arm of bell crank lever I50 to raise the contact arm I50 to make contact with the fixed contact arm I59 to energize relay I00 and complete a primary circuit through contacts I as hereinafter set forth. It will be obvious that any form of coin mechanism designed to make the starting circuit may be employed, as well as means for collecting coins or returning in case the machine fails to operate.

The invention provides a central control mechanism for timing the operation and relation of the several circuits to coordinate the functioning of the printing means with the projection of the several incidents on the film and with the actuation of the several control devices by the operator. Thus in some incidents the printing wheel 02 will be held from moving out of the not" printing position until the operator has stepped on the brake pedal, whereupon the wheel is released to turn a half revolution. In another incident the printing wheel is caused to turn by a timing motor at the beginning of the incident and. the printing plunger I24 is actuated by the brake pedal, through suitable circuits. Again the printing plunger may be actuated by the steering controls or again, in some incidents by means (not shown) actuated from the accelerator pedal. The embodied means for making and breaking circuits controlling registration of steering error, brake reactance, and other functions of the machine (Figs. 5 and 11) are comprised in the timing disc I21 on which are mounted projecting cam pieces I00, IOI', I02, I00, I04, I05, I00, I01, I00, I09 and I40, so located as to make and break insulated switches I00, IOI, I02, I00, I04, I35, I00, I01, I00, I09 and I40 respectively as said disc is rotated. Timing disc I21 is mounted on shaft 44 and rotates in time relation with the incidents as projected on the screen I9, as will hereinafter appear.

To explain the operation of the central timing control, a series of incidents as they occur .on the projected film, in conjunction with the respective circuits required for registering the analytic results of each test, will now be set forth in detail. The machine being plugged in to a suitable current supply and the operator being seated, a coin is deposited in the chute I51 to deflect arm I50 and raise arm I50 to contact arm I59; a circuit is completed through the low voltage tap of transformer I10 (Fig. 10), energizing relay I50 to actuate armature contact IOI closing the high voltage circuit to motor 90, projector lamp HI and driving motor 49 to start projecting the film strip on screen I9 to represent an assumed vehicle idling speed. The operator may vary his driving speed at will, by depressing or releasing accelerator pedal I0 as hereinbefore described.

By way of illustration, and referring to the printed form of Fig. 12, the first incident appears as a stop sign on the road, at which time, through the rotation of timing disc I21, switch I09 is closed by projection I09 on the timing disc, allowing the operator a two second interval in which he may apply the brake; assuming that he does apply the brake, contact I55 is closed and through brush I04, commutator IOI, commutator I00 and brush I00, low voltage current is supplied to energize relay I01 to deflect arm I00 to release its retention of disc I05 and thus permitting motor to drive shaft 9I through friction clutch 92 and rotate type wheel 02.

In starting position, type wheel 02 presents in printing position the word Not" and for the space of in the direction of rotation is blank, in the following 180 it is numbered from one to twenty corresponding in tenths of a second to the elapsed time in applying the brake. If the operator has failed to apply the brake to close switch I55 within the allowable two seconds of time provided for that incident by projection I39 on the timing disc I21 for holding the associated switch I38 closed, then the circuit is not complete through relay I01, hence no rotation oi type wheel 82 takes place and the word Not remains in printing position. Further rotation of disc I21 caused projection I36 to close switch I36, energizing relay I 25, causing armature plunger I20 to print the word Not." In turn switch I40 is closed to complete circuit through brush I02, commutator 99, commutator I00, brush I03 to energize relay I01 and release type wheel 82, as hereinbefore described, so that zero will be rotated to the printing position. A proper interval of time is allowed between the occurrence of the several incidents ,to allow the operator to resume his driving speed.

Incident number two may be assumed to be a person suddenly dashing across the road, as indicated in Fig. 12. When a predetermined number of frames of the'film strip of this incident have passed the aperture of the projector, switch I38 is closed by projection I38 on timing disc I21, competing circuit through brush I04, commutator IOI, commutator I and brush I03 to energize relay I01 and actuate release armature I06 to free disc I and permit the rotation of type wheel 82 as hereinbefore set forth. Switch H1 is closed at the same instant as switch I38 by the corresponding projections I31 and I38 on timing disc I21 and the application of brake pedal I2 is required to close switch I55 to comof the child or the bicycle.

plete the circuit to energize relay I25 and cause armature plunger I20 to print the elapsed brake reactance time in tenths of a second.

Incident number three (Fig. 12) may require the operator to steer around an obstruction. At the same time that the obstruction appears on the screen, switches I34 and I35 are closed by projections I34 and I35 on timing disc I21. Assuming that the operator fails to turn the steering wheel the required amount to clear the obstruction and thus compensate for the movement imparted to contact roller 15, then contact is closed through rod 18, switch I35 and switch I34 to energize relay I25 and cause plunger I25 to print the word Not. Thus in this incident the steering wheel operation controls the printing from printing wheel 82. If the operator has properly compensated for the obstruction by the movement of the steering wheel,

. contact roller 15 will not have left the insulation member 19 and no circuit will have been completed to operate the printing mechanism. At the conclusion of incident three, switch I is closed by the'projection I 40" on disc I21 and through brush I02, commutator 99, commutator I00 and brush I05, a circuit is completed to energize relay I01 allowing the resetting of type wheel 82 for incident number four.

Incident number four may be a stop sign at an intersection, which would record the brake reactance time of the operator through the same circuits as set forth for incident number two.

Theinvention further provides a test or tests of the drivers ability to concentrate on his driving problems and to foresee possible and/or unexpected obstacles or other matters which may occur ahead. .Accordingly the invention provides means for'causing a distracting influence,

either visual, oral, tactile, or a combination thereof, to impinge upon the attention of the driver'during or just prior to the occurrence of the incident furnishing the obstacle or danger in the driving path. Incident number five ii lustrates one example of how such a distraction may be embodied in the mechanism.

Incident number five will be taken as a child on a bicycle riding in the probable path of the car, that is the path which the car would normally follow if driven with respect to the road and without regard to the fortuitous presence At the same time that the child appears on the screen, the closing of switch I32 by projection I32 on disc I21 completes the circuit to lamp I12, located as shown in Fig. 2, at one side of the screen I9, in front of which may be placed a translucent screen picture offering a peripheral distraction to the operator in order to interrupt or detract from his continued attention to the road ahead. His failure to pay proper attention would be evidenced by the printed word "Not on the score sheet for this particular incident. The circuits closed, other than that for illuminating lamp I 12, by the actuating of projection I32 on switch I32, are exactly the same circuits as these required for incident number one, except that projections I36", I39" and I40" on disc-I21, actuate switches I36, I38 and I40, respectively.

Incident number six, comprising a glare resistance test, may be taken at night and may be a stop sign progressively illuminated as the car advances to record the time required by the operator to perceive the word Stop, the elapsed time being indicated on the score sheet as light units, which are established as an arbitrary measure to brak reactance time. As shown by the film in Fig. 13, the image projected from the motion picture film for this incident first shows a black area 200 on the screen surrounded by a .the subjects eyes.

wide margin of full intensity 20I so as to dazzle A the film progresses the word Stop gradually becomes visible in the black area 200and at the conclusion of the incident, the word Stop is of full intensity on the screen (transparent on the film). Thus the operator is subjected to a test in which an image of gradually increasing contrast is closely surrounded by an intense light, truly simulating conditions of night driving where dazzling headlights must not interfere with the drivers seeing a dark object or person on a poorly lighted road.

The circuits required for recording incident number six are identical with those closed in incident two through the timing disc I21, except that projections I31, and I38 actuate switches I 31 and I38.

The means for accumulating the steering errors'for the entire course through the circuit energization from wheel 15 and for causing same to be printed from ype wheel 8I comprise the synchronous motor driven drum 8|. At the conclusion' of incident six, switch I33is closed by projection I33 on'disc I 21 energizing relay I 23, deflecting plunger arm I24 to print the accumulated total steering error as covered by the steering test period and switch I3I is closed by cam I 3| to return the printing drum to zero. The synchronous motor 86 which is energized whenever contact wheel 15 is to one'side or the other of the insulated portion 18, so as to contact with the conducting rail 18 so long as switch I30 is closedby the elongated projection I30 on disc I21. Upon completion of the test the steering error is printed by energizing solenoid I23, and thereafter printing drum I8I is returned to zero bythe coaction of switch I3I and the commutating rings 81 and 80.

When the complete cycle of incidents has been When the complete film has been .fed through the projector, the invention provides for rewinding the film on the projector spools by reversing the motor 49 and thus driving the projector spools in reverse. In the meantime the other parts of the mechanism are automatically disconnected irom the motor drive in reverse so that they retain their initial positions until the rewinding has been completed and the machine is ready to begin a new cycle. As embodied in the mechanism as disclosed, when timing disc I21 in its rotative movement arrive at its initial starting point, switch I3I is closed by projection I3I' and through brush 90, commutator 88, commutator 81, brush 89, the circuit is closed to steering recording motor 86 to rotate steering type wheel BI until the insulated portion I12 on commutator 81 breaks the circuit and leaves zero on the type 8| in position to start accumulating steering error in the next operation of the ma,- chine. At the same moment that timing disc I21 reaches it initial starting point, pin I44 in worm wheel acts upon the arms of switches I42 and I43 causing them to snap in position, switch I42 toreverse the fields of motor 49 and its direction of rotation and so start the rewinding of the film strip, and switch I43 to supply current direct from the line to energize motor 49, and at the same time breaking th circuit through relay I60 to stop motor 98 and cut out the projector lamp III.

The paper feed rolls I08 and I09, ribbon II9, timing disc I21, and steering cam 42 are not driven in reverse rotation, owing to the nonengagement of pawl I45 with the one tooth ratchet I46 fixed to shaft 58. Worm wheel 51, at the end of it reverse rotation, snaps switches I42 and I43 into forward position, cutting the circuit through relay I and changing the field of motor 49 for forward direction of rotation, thus providing for the next operation of the machine by the insertion of a coin in the chute I51.

At the conclusion of the forward movement of the machine, the printed score sheet or card has so progressed as to project through the slot IIO,

. and being free from its feed rolls, may be pulled out by the operator.

In the invention as disclosed, a rewinding film strip is indicated, although, with slight modifications in mechanism, a continuous or looped film may be used in order to eliminate time lost in rewinding and to minimize current consumption, It will be evident that either type of film strip may be of such a length as to cover one or more complete test pictures, and that th steering and timing cams may be so. speeded or modified as to cover a corresponding plurality of tests. Furthermore, the machine can be quickly adapted to operate with a new film merely by substituting a different timing disc I2'I which is correlate to function with the new film.

The invention in its broader aspects is not described but departures may be made therefrom within the scope of the accompanying claims without departing from the principles of the invention.

What we claim is 1. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a set of vehicle-driving controls to be actuated by an operator, means for presenting to the operator a moving scene giving the illusion that the vehicle is travelling over a course, said scene presenting a situation requiring actuation of a control and means responsive to said control for making a printed record of the manner in which the control was actuated.

2. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a set of vehicle-driving controls to be actuated by an operator, means for presenting to the operator as incidents of a moving scenea succession of diiferent situations requiring operation of one or more of the controls, and means set in operation thereby for recording the manner in which the operator actuates the controls during each situation.

3. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a set of vehicle-driving controls to be actuated by an operator, means for presenting to the operator a moving scene comprising a succession of difierent situations requiring operation of one or more of the controls and printing means responsive to said controls for recording the manner in which the operator actuates the controls during each situation.

4. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a vehicle-steering wheel, means for simulating to the operator movement of the vehicle over a predetermined course, a device responsive to the steering wheel for indicating the position of the vehicle with respect to the course, means for imparting deviating movements to the indicating device, and means for combining the efiect of the steering wheel movements and the imparted movements to govern the position of the indicating device.

5. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle'including in combination a vehicle-steering wheel, means for simulating to the operator movement of the vehicle over a predetermined course, a device responsive to the steering wheel for indicating the position of the vehicle with respect to the course, means for imparting deviating movements to the indicating device and means responsive to the apparent speed of the vehicle for combining the efiect of the steering wheel movements and the imparted movements to govern the position of the indicating device.

6. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a vehicle-steering wheel, means for simulating to the operator movement of the vehicle over a predetermined course, a device responsive to the steering wheel for indicating I the position of the vehicle with respect to the limited to the specific mechanisms shown and course, means for imparting deviating movements to the indicating device, means for combining the effect of the steering wheel movements and the imparted movements to govern the position of the indicating device and means for ascertaining the resultant deviations of the steering wheel from the course.

'7. In a driver testing device having a moving road scene presented to the subjects view, a member movable to vary the subjects view of said scene, and means for moving said member, said means including a difierential one part of which is controlled by the subject and other means for controlling another part of said differential, said other means being actuated independently of the subject.

8. In a testing'device, means for projecting an image on a screen of gradually increasing contrast adjacent to an area of high intensity illumination, the contrast increasing at a predetermined rate control means operable by a subject and means responsive to the control for measuring and recording the time at which the image is discernable to a subject.

9. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in means, and means for selectively interconnecting said printing means wtih one of said controls for combination one or more vehicle driving controls, means for presenting to an operator at said controls a stimulus calling for actuation of a control, timing means for measuring the operators reaction time between stimulus and control actuation, and printing means responsive to the operation of the control for making a printed record of said reaction time.

10. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination one or more vehicle driving controls, means for presenting to an operator at said controls a stimulus calling for actuation of a control, timing means for measuring the operators reaction time between stimulus and control actuation, and printing means cooperating with the timing means and responsive to the operation of the control for making a printed record of said reaction time.

l1. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination one or more vehicle driving controls, means for presenting to an operator at said controls a moving scene giving the illusion of travelling over a course, and printing means responsive to the operation of a control for making a printed record of the manner in which said control is operated.

12. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a vehicle control, means for presenting a moving scene to a subject at said control, time measuring means set in operation at a predetermined point in said scene and recording means actuated by operation of the control to record the elapsed time measured by said time measuring means.

13. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a set of vehicle controls, record ing means, and means for selectively interconnecting the recording means with one of said controls for a predetermined period, whereby the recording means will render a record in response to the operation of said control during said period.

14. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a set of vehicle controls, printing means, and means for selectively interconnecting said printing means with one of said controls for a predetermined period, whereby said printing means will be actuated to print a record upon operation of said control during said period.

Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a set of vehicle controls, printing a predetermined period, whereby said printing means will be actuated to print a record upon -operation of-said control during said period, said printing means being connectable to other of said controls during other selected periods.

16. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a vehicle control, means for producing a stimulus calling for operation of the control by a subject at said control, timing means for measuring the time elapsing after occurrence of the stimulus and printing means responsive to the operation of the control and cooperating with said time-measuring means to print the time elapsed between occurrence of the stimulus and operation of the control.

17. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a set of vehicle controls, means for presenting a moving scene to a subject positioned at said controls to give the illusion of travelling in a vehicle, time-measuring means associated with said scene-presenting means and automatically set in operation at a predetermined point in said moving scene and printing means responsive to the operation of a control for printing the elapsed time indicated by time-measuring means at the moment the control is operated.

18. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a set of vehicle controls, means for presenting a moving scene to a subject positioned at said controls to give the illusion of travelling in a vehicle, timing means for measuring the elapsed time during a predetermined portion of,

= of the controls.

in combination aset of vehicle controls, means for projecting a motion picture of movement along a road to give to. a subject positioned at said controls the illusion of travel in a vehicle, said film containing incidents calling for the actuation of different controls, recording means, and means associated with the projection of the film for rendering said recording means responsive to the operation of the particular control whose operation is called for by the particular -incident appearing on the film.

20. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a set of vehicle controls, means for projecting a motion picture of movement along a road to give to a subject positioned at said controls the illusion of travel in a vehicle, said film containing incidents calling for the actuation of difl'erent controls, recording means, and means associated with the projection of the film for rendering said recording means responsive to the operation of the particular control whose operaand recording the ability of a person todrive a vehicle including in combination one or more vehicle driving controls, means for presenting to an operator at said controls a m n Scene giving the illusion of travelling over a course, timing means for measuring elapsed times from predetermined points in said moving scene, and printing means cooperating with said timingmeans and responsive to theoperation of a control for making printed records of the manner in which said control is operated with respect to said various time periods.

22. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination one or more vehicle driving controls, means for presenting to an operator at said controls a moving scene giving the illusion of travelling over a course, printing means automatically operative at a predetermined point in said moving scene, and indicating means responsive to the operation of a control and cooperating with said printing means to give a printed indication of the operation of said control prior to the occurrence of said predetermined point in said scene.

23. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in' combination one or -more vehicle driving controls, means for presenting to an operator at said controls a moving scene giving the illusion of travelling over a course and printing means automatically operated after a predetermined point in said moving scene for recording previous operations of a control.

24. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination one or more vehicle driving controls, means for presenting to an operator at said controls a moving scene giving the illusion of travelling over a course, and printing means automatically operated after a predetermined point in said moving scene for recording previous operations of or failures to operate a control.

25. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a set of vehicle controls, means for presenting to an operator at said controls a moving scene giving the illusion of travelling over a course, printing means operatively associated with the controls and the moving scene for recording operations of said controls with respect to said scene presentation, and means for positioning at said printing means a form to be printed upon, said form bearing previously printed matter laid out to cooperate with the records printed by said printing means whereby said form as printed will give to the reader a completely legible record of the control operations with respect to the moving scene.

26. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a set of vehicle driving controls, means for projecting before an operator at said controls a motion picture taken from a moving vehicle, thereby giving the illusion of travel along a course, connections between the projector and the controls for regulating the apparent movements of the moving vehicle, and printing means responsive to the operations of said controls for making a printed record of the manner in which said controls are operated with respect to the motion picture.

2'7. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a set of vehicle-driving controls, timing means for measuring the time required for an individual to actuate a control after receiving a stimulus to actuate said control and recording means responsive to operation 01' the control for making a record of said reaction time.

28. In a driver testing mechanism in combination a vehicle-driving control, a time-measuring device, a printing wheel rotated by said device and means responsive to the control for taking an impression from the printing wheel.

29. In a driver testing device in combination means for presenting to a subject a moving scene creating the illusion that the subject is travelling in a vehicle along the road, vehicle controls including a steering wheel and accelerator, means responsive to the accelerator for varying th apparent speed of movement along the road, position-indicating means responsive to movements of the steering wheel for varying the apparent position of the subject laterally with respect to the road, automatic control means for imparting arbitrary deviations to said position-indicating means, and means for combining said arbitrary movements and movements of the steering wheel into resultant movements for controlling the resultant position of said indicating means.

30. In a driver testing device in combination means for presenting to a subject a moving scene creating the illusion that the subject is travelling in a vehicle along the road, vehicle controls including a steering wheel and accelerator, means responsive to the accelerator for varying the apparent speed of movement along the road, position-indicating means responsive to movements of the steering wheel for varying the apparent position of the subject laterally with respect to' the road, automatic control means for imparting arbitrary deviations to said position-indicating means, means for combining said arbitrary movements and movements of the steering wheel into resultant movements for controlling the resultant position of said indicating means, and means for ascertaining the extent to which the subject fails to correct for said arbitrary movements by movements of the steering wheel.

31. Mechanism for testing and recording the I ability of a person to operate a vehicle including in combination a: vehicle control, means for presenting to an operator at said control a stimulus calling for actuation of the control, timing means for measuring th time elapsing after occurrence of the stimulus, means for supporting a record form carrying indicia relating to reaction times for said control, and means actuated by' operation of the control to mark upon said form a record of the reaction time of the operator.

32. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to steer'a vehicle includin in combination a steering wheel, movable means actuated by the steering wheel to follow a steering course presented to the driver, timing means for measuring the deviations from the proper steering course by the driver, means associated therewith for supporting a record form carrying indicia relating to the measurement of said steering deviations, and means actuated by operation of the steering wheel to mark upon said form a record of the steering deviations made by said driver.

33. In a testing device, means for presenting tests calling for manual response by an operator, a timing member for measuring the length of time required to perform operations, means for normally holding the member against timing movement, operator-controlled means for releasing said member for timing movement, means automatically controlled by said test-presenting control is operated, said means including a demeans for. stopping the timing member, said timing member also having means automatically controlled for release by said test-presenting means and means'for stopping it controlled by the operator whereby the timing member may be automatically released and manually stopped or may be manually released and automatically stopped.

34. In a testing device, means for presenting tests calling for manual response by an operator, a timing member for measuring the length of time required to perform operations, means for normally holding the member against timing movement, operator-controlled means for releasing said member for timing movement, means automatically controlled by said test-presenting means for stopping the timing member, said timing member also having alternatively operable means automatically controlled for release by said test-presenting means and means for stopping it controlled by the operator whereby the timing member may be automatically released and manually stopped or may be manually released and automatically stopped.

35. In a driver testing device having a moving road scene presented to the subject's view, in combination a member movable to vary the subject's view of said scene, a steering device opvice responsive to movements of the control for accumulating a record of said movements and means for printing said record as a total.

39. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination a set of vehicle-driving controls to erated by the subject and connected to impart movement to said scene-varying member, other control means for imparting deviating movements to said member, said member moving according to the combined motions imparted to it by the steering device and the control means.

36. In a driver testing device having a moving road scene presented to the subject's view, in combination a member movable to vary the subject's view of said scene, a steering device operated by the subject and connected to impart movement to said scene-varying member, a pattern moved with said moving road scene, control means for imparting deviating movements to said member in accordance with said pattern, said member moving according to the combined motions imparted to it by the steering device and the control means.

37. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to steer a vehicle including in combination a steering wheel, movable means actuated by the steering wheel to follow a steering course presented to the driver, means for measuring the deviations from the proper steering course by the driver, and means for recording the total of said deviations comprising devices for accumulating said measurements of deviations and means for making a'printed record of the accumulated total thereof.

38. Mechanism for testing and recording the ability of a person to drive a vehicle including in combination one or more vehicle driving controls, means for presenting to an operator at said controls a moving scene giving the illusion of travelling over a course. and printing means responsive to the operation of a control for making a printed record of the manner ln'which said be actuated by an operator, means'ior presenting to the operator a moving scene comprising a succession of different situations requiring operation of one or more of the controls and printing means responsive to said controls for recording the manner in which the operator actuates the controls during each situation, and means for simultaneously making a record of the steering operations of the operator.

40. In a driver testing device having a projector for presenting a motion picture of a road scene to the subjects view, in combination a member movable relative to the subject to vary the subjects view of said scene, a steering'device operated by the subject and'connected to impart movement to said scene-varying member, a pattern designed in accordance with curves in the road portrayed in. said moving road scene, said pattern operating synchronously with the projection of said film,- control means for imparting deviating movements to said member in accordance with said pattern, said' member moving according to the combined motions imparted to it by the steering device and the control means.

41. In a driver testing device in combination means for presenting to the driver a course to be steered, a steering wheel, movable means actuated .by said steering wheel to follow said course, means for measuring the deviation of said movable means from the proper steering course, totalizing means for accumulating said measurements of deviations, and means for rendering a visible numerical total of said accumulated deviations.

42. In a driver testing device in combination means for presenting to the driver a moving scene giving the illusion that the vehicle is traveling over a course, vehicle driving controls to be ing the deviations of said movable means fromthe proper steering course, totalizing means for accumulating said measurements of deviations, and means for rendering a visible numerical total of said accumulated deviations. GEORGE B. FINNEGAN, JR. HOBART N. DURHAM. 

